An appreciation for uncertainty is nice, but it’s not very memorable. I wanted a takeaway about alcohol and health that I could repeat to a friend if they ever ask me to summarize this article in a sentence. So I pressed Tim Stockwell to define his most cautious conclusions in a memorable way, even if I thought he might be overconfident in his caution.

Researchers

When trying to moderate alcohol intake over the course of an evening or a week, it helps to know how much alcohol is in each drink you consume. Hormonal factors may also play a role in making women more susceptible to the effects of alcohol. Studies have found that with the same amount of drink, blood alcohol concentrations are at their highest just before menstruation and at their lowest on the first day after menstruation. In 2015, 26.9 percent of people in the United States reported binge drinking in the past month. When you stop drinking alcohol entirely, even as a moderate drinker, you allow your body and mind a chance to can you moderate your drinking heal. However, it may take some time before you feel like yourself again.

Heavy drinking is unhealthy

The current guidelines recommend people limit alcoholic beverages and say that if they choose to drink, they should do so in moderation, defined as two drinks a day for men and one drink for women. While some studies suggest that moderate drinking can benefit the heart, others haven’t found such a link. Much of the research has focused on red wine, which contains antioxidants called polyphenols. Researchers have found an association between a polyphenol in red wine called resveratrol and a reduced risk of heart disease, primarily due to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Can a binge drinker moderate alcohol consumption?

In the scientific literature, the wide range of assumptions about what a standard drink is can produce highly divergent estimates of total alcohol consumption among respondents who report consuming the same number of drinks. Turner based the comparison on fictional respondents who reported drinking one standard drink (as defined in each study) each of beer, wine, and spirits for a total alcohol consumption of three drinks per day. Using the different methodologies and assumptions regarding alcohol contents employed in four highly respected studies, Turner found that the total alcohol amounts corresponding to three drinks per day ranged from 24 g to 48 g. Consequently, when reading an article that relates a certain number of drinks per day to a specific health benefit or risk, one must pay careful attention to how a drink is defined in that study. The wide methodological diversity helps to explain, at least in part, the seemingly contradictory study findings regarding the consequences of certain drinking levels. Miller and colleagues (1991) have extended Turner’s analyses by providing simple calculation rules for converting alcohol-consumption data among four standard drinking units currently used by researchers.

• Most of those national and community studies were sponsored by NIAAA and its predecessor within the National Institute of Mental Health.
• There is still a lot of debate about the safety of drinking small amounts of alcohol and whether it can have very small health benefits.
• Because these frequency measures do not assess the alcohol amount consumed on each drinking occasion, they do not allow researchers to calculate a person’s average or total volume of alcohol consumption.
• The threshold for safe alcohol consumption is closely linked to body weight.
• Alcohol consumption may also play a role in certain mental health conditions, like depression and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
• Moderate drinking sits at the point at which the health benefits of alcohol clearly outweigh the risks.

In many cases, even moderate drinking (defined below) appears to increase risk. Despite this, less than half of the US public is aware of any alcohol-cancer connection. That’s why the Surgeon General issued an advisory in January 2025 recommending that alcoholic beverages carry new labels warning of the alcohol-cancer link and highlighting that no safe low level of alcohol consumption has been established.

Even people with identical body weights can achieve different BALs because of variations in the levels of water and fat in the body, which primarily depend on the drinker’s age and gender. Alcohol is a small, water-soluble molecule that is distributed throughout the body water. https://www.bernd-fassbender-stiftung.de/2022/04/11/alcohol-can-raise-blood-pressure-especially-binge/ Women tend to have proportionately less body water and more body fat than do men and therefore may achieve higher BALs than do men with the same body weight after drinking the same alcohol amount.

• Because they are considerably less costly than face-to-face interviews, telephone surveys are rapidly gaining popularity among survey researchers.
• The current guidelines recommend people limit alcoholic beverages and say that if they choose to drink, they should do so in moderation, defined as two drinks a day for men and one drink for women.
• Depending on the drink and your taste preference, you can also add fresh fruit juice.

“The answer to the riddle, the explanation of the paradox, may lie in this inviting glass” of red wine, Safer told viewers. Alcohol surveys also vary in assessment mode—that is, in the way in which the survey is conducted (e.g., as a personal interview, self-administered questionnaire, or telephone interview) (Rehm 1998). In the past, most alcohol surveys were conducted via face-to-face interviews and therefore were labor intensive and expensive.

Alcohol Use and Your Health

People who have had problems with alcohol in the past may want to consult a doctor or therapist for help regulating their behaviors around drinking. Limit milk/dairy (1-2 servings/day) and juice (1 small glass/day). The basic thing to remember, though, is drug addiction treatment if you’re a light drinker, any potential problems caused by alcohol aren’t something worth worrying about. In a time of noise, confusion, and spin, we’re committed to clarity, truth, and depth — even when it’s hard. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician.

Cardiovascular Disease

Just because you can’t feel the typical “high” from alcohol while taking naltrexone, it does not mean you should drive or perform other dangerous activities while under the influence of alcohol. Create healthy, balanced meals using this visual guide as a blueprint. Many past studies did not consider other factors that could have influenced the results.

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 defines moderate drinking as one drink or less per day for women and two drinks or less per day for men. An underrated aspect of the surgeon general’s report is that it is following, rather than trailblazing, a national shift away from alcohol. As recently as 2005, Americans were more likely to say that alcohol was good for their health, instead of bad. Last year, they were more than five times as likely to say it was bad, instead of good. In the first seven months of 2024, alcohol sales volume declined for beer, wine, and spirits.